Cummins' framework
A
Cognitively undemanding
Context embedded e.g. Learners put pictures of food in order from most to least healthy |
B
Cognitively undemanding
Context reduced e.g. Learners have to create a breakfast for an astronaut in a space shuttle. |
C
Cognitively demanding
Context embedded e.g. Learners have to solve a science puzzle by doing an experiment. |
D
Cognitively demanding
Context reduced e.g. Learners have to solve a science puzzle without carrying out or seeing a video of the experiment. |
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